A Comprehensive Literature Review of Global and Local Evidence on Fertility Desires, Intentions, and Behaviours

Thematic Area: Human Resource Development

The average number of children a woman is expected to have during her lifetime is known as her fertility rate, and it continues to be a crucial demographic indicator that affects public policy, both locally and globally. Overall, fertility rates have been on a declining trend.

In 1953, Sri Lanka’s total fertility rate was 5.3 children per woman; by 2023, it had fallen to 1.97, significantly below the replacement level. In this context, the review will support the development of an upcoming research study in Sri Lanka by providing evidence to refine the study’s scope, framework, sampling, and methodology. It will draw on relevant literature from low- and middle-income countries, particularly within the Asia-Pacific region, and examine key factors influencing fertility preferences, including socio-economic conditions, cultural and religious norms, gender roles, and health-related determinants.

The objectives of this study are:

• To conduct a comprehensive literature review of global and local evidence on fertility desires, intentions, and behaviours.
• Analyse relevant findings and lessons learned from comparable studies conducted in low- and middle-income countries, particularly in the Asia-Pacific region.
• Identify the key factors that shape fertility preferences, including socio-economic conditions, cultural and religious norms, gender dynamics, and health-related influences.
• Evaluate the effectiveness of previous policy interventions aimed at addressing low fertility and their contextual applicability to Sri Lanka.
• Provide actionable recommendations for refining the study’s scope, research framework, sampling strategies, and methodological approach.

The review will also assess lessons learned from past studies and evaluate the effectiveness of policy interventions addressing low fertility. Findings from the review will guide the design of the planned study, ensuring it is evidence-based and contextually relevant. The final output will be a literature review report that summarises insights and provides practical recommendations for shaping the research direction in Sri Lanka.